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Tuberculosis, or TB, is an airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs, but can infect other parts of the body. It is the most common fatal infectious disease in the world: one-third of the world's population is currently infected and more than 1.5 million people die each year due to tuberculosis. This article will discuss pulmonary tuberculosis, for more information on non-pulmonary tuberculosis see Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Often no symptoms are noticeable until tuberculosis is well advanced and even then the hallmark symptoms — weight loss, fatigue, poor appetite, fever, productive cough, and night sweats — might easily be blamed on another disease. Tuberculosis in the lungs usually causes symptoms such as: * A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer. * Coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs). * Chest pain * Weakness or fatigue * Weight loss * No appetite * Chills * Fever * Sweating at night. A person with a positive TST, but no symptoms and a normal chest x-ray, most likely has only a few tuberculosis bacteria in a dormant state and is not contagious. In the US, Canada, and a few other countries, treatment with an antibiotic is recommended for this person to prevent the tuberculosis from turning into an active infection. The antibiotic used for treatment of latent tuberculosis is isoniazid (INH). If taken for 6 to 12 months, it will prevent the tuberculosis from becoming active in the future. In fact, if a person with a positive skin test does not take INH, there is a 5-10% lifelong risk that the tuberculosis will become active and contagious. Many countries do not consider "latent tuberculosis" as a disease state and do not recommend treatment. |
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